The consumption of culinary preparations and ultra-processed food is associated with handgrip strength in teenagers.

BACKGROUND: A nutrient-poor and hypocaloric diet may be associated with lower handgrip strength (HGS), whereas a high-quality or balanced diet may be associated with higher HGS. However, no study has used the NOVA system for classifying food by their degree of processing. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between food consumption according to the degree of food processing and HGS in Brazilian teenagers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included teenagers aged 18 and 19 years old from the 1997/98 São Luís' birth cohort, Maranhão, Brazil. HGS (kilogram-force) was measured via a Jamar Plus + dynamometer. Food consumption was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The energy intake of culinary preparations (unprocessed or minimally processed food and processed culinary ingredients), processed, and ultra-processed foods was evaluated in percentages and categorized in tertiles. The associations between each food group intake and HGS was estimated via crude and adjusted linear regression models. A directed acyclic graph was used to identify confounding factors. RESULTS: We evaluated 2,433 teenagers, 52.1% of which were girls. For boys, adjusted analysis showed an association between the highest HGS and the 3rd tertile of culinary preparation consumption (ß: 1.95; 95%CI: 0.80; 3.10) and between the lowest HGS and the 3rd tertile of ultra-processed food consumption (ß: -2.25; 95%CI: -3.40; -1.10). Among girls, the consumption of culinary preparations in the 3rd tertile was associated with higher HGS (ß: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.05; 1.46). CONCLUSIONS: Higher consumption of culinary preparations and lower consumption of ultra-processed foods can contribute to reduce the chance of lower HGS in adult life. Interventions to promote the development and preservation of muscle strength should include dietary recommendations.

Overweight/obesity in college students: a systematic review / Excesso de peso/obesidade em estudantes universitários: uma revisão sistemática / Sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática

This article aims to characterize the prevalence and the factors associated with overweight/obesity in college students, through a systematic review. For doing so, the PRISMA protocol has been utilized. Articles about overweight/obesity were selected in college students on the databases of the National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science and Scopus, it was considered the publication period from 2014 to 2019. We found 4,740 articles and 28 met the eligibility criteria. The overweight/obesity prevalence in college students varied from 9.5% to 47.0%. The Odds Ratio was the most used association measure (comparison) in studies. As characteristics that favor overweight/obesity, inadequate diet, income, male gender, low level of physical activity and family history of overweight/obesity are mentioned. The factors associated with protection against overweight/obesity were a healthy diet, regular physical activity and screen time. Finally, this review showed that university students are prone to overweight/obesity, as they have behavioral factors related to inadequate diet, low level of physical activity, income, being male, and sociocultural and family aspects due to a history of overweight/obesity. In counterpart, this review argues that healthy diet and physical activity and reduced screen time represent a health maintenance factor against overweight/obesity.

Este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao sobrepeso/obesidade em universitários, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. Para isso, foi utilizado o protocolo PRISMA. Foram selecionados os artigos sobre sobrepeso/obesidade de universitários nas bases de dados da National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science e Scopus, considerou-se o período de publicação de 2014 a 2019. Dos 4.740 artigos encontrados, 28 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. A prevalência de sobrepeso/obesidade em universitários variou de 9,5% a 47,0%. Dentre as medidas de associação (comparação), houve maior utilização do Odds Ratio. Como destaques os fatores associados com o sobrepeso/obesidade, cita-se a dieta inadequada, renda, sexo masculino, baixo nível de atividade física e o histórico familiar de sobrepeso/obesidade. Os fatores associados como proteção ao sobrepeso/obesidade foram a dieta saudável, prática regular de atividade física e o tempo de tela. Por fim, esta revisão mostrou que os universitários são propensos ao sobrepeso/obesidade, por apresentarem fatores comportamentais relacionados a dietas inadequadas, baixo nível de atividade física, renda, ser do sexo masculino e aspectos socioculturais e familiares em função de histórico de sobrepeso/obesidade. Em contrapartida, esta revisão sustenta que a dieta saudável e atividade física e a redução do tempo de tela representam um fator de manutenção da saúde contra o sobrepeso/obesidade.

Este artículo pretende caracterizar la prevalencia y los factores asociados al sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios, a través de una revisión sistemática. Para ello se ha utilizado el protocolo PRISMA. Se seleccionaron artículos sobre sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios en las bases de datos de la National Library of Medicine (PUBMED), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Web of Science y Scopus, se consideró el periodo de publicación de 2014 a 2019. Se encontraron 4.740 artículos y 28 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. La prevalencia de sobrepeso/obesidad en estudiantes universitarios varió del 9,5% al 47,0%. El Odds Ratio fue la medida de asociación (comparación) más utilizada en los estudios. Como características que favorecen el sobrepeso/obesidad se mencionan la dieta inadecuada, los ingresos, el sexo masculino, el bajo nivel de actividad física y los antecedentes familiares de sobrepeso/obesidad. Los factores asociados a la protección contra el sobrepeso/obesidad fueron la dieta saludable, la actividad física regular y el tiempo de pantalla. Por último, esta revisión mostró que los estudiantes universitarios son propensos al sobrepeso/obesidad, ya que tienen factores de comportamiento relacionados con la dieta inadecuada, el bajo nivel de actividad física, los ingresos, el hecho de ser varones y aspectos socioculturales y familiares debido a una historia de sobrepeso/obesidad. En contrapartida, esta revisión sostiene que la dieta y la actividad física saludables y la reducción del tiempo de pantalla representan un factor de mantenimiento de la salud contra el sobrepeso/obesidad.

Are Fat Mass and Lean Mass Associated with Grip Strength in Adolescents?

Background: The interaction between lean body mass (LBM) and fat mass index (FMI) with grip strength (GS) has not been explored in the same analysis model in adolescents. This study thus aims to analyze the association between FMI and LBM with GS. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with data from the 2016 follow-up of the 1997/98 Birth Cohort of São Luís. Grip strength was assessed by the Jamar Plus + dynamometer. The LBM and FMI indexes were assessed [ratio of the mass (lean or fat-kg) to height (m2)]. The confounding variables identified for the relationship between FMI and LBM with GS in the same analysis model, by directed acyclic graph (DAG), were sex, age, race, work, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and consumption of ultra-processed foods and culinary preparations, used in the adjusted analysis. Results: A total of 2339 adolescents (52.5% girls) were analyzed. The boys have a higher GS than the girls. In the adjusted analysis, with each increase of 1 kg/m2 in the FMI, GS was reduced by 0.72 kgf for boys and 0.35 kgf for girls. At each increase of 1 kg/m2 in the LBM, GS increased by 2.18 kgf for boys and 1.26 kgf for girls. Conclusions: FMI was associated with lower GS regardless of the LBM. LBM was associated with higher GS regardless of the FMI.

Metabolic syndrome and its association with changes in modifiable risk factors: Epifloripa aging study.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its association with changes in modifiable risk factors in older adults from southern Brazil. Methods: A longitudinal study was performed with data from EpiFloripa Aging study. We defined MetS by the existence of three or more of the following risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD): waist circumference (WC) (≥ 92 cm in men and ≥ 87 cm in women); fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dl); decreased HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dl in men and <50 mg/dl in women); hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dl) and blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg). We evaluated the changes in modifiable risk factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, and body mass index) between the two moments of the study (2009/10 and 2013/14). Directed acyclic graph and logistic regression models were used. Results: Among the 599 participants, the prevalence of MetS was 64.0% (95% CI, 58.7-68.9). In the adjusted analysis, those who remained or became persons who are overweight (OR = 4.59; 95% CI: 3.05-6.89) and those who remained or became insufficiently active (OR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.23-2.98) were more likely to present MetS. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that being or becoming overweight and being or becoming insufficiently active are modifiable factors associated with MetS. These results highlight the need for developing preventive strategies for the observed risk indicators to mitigate the prevalence of MetS in older adults.

Association between sleep duration and cardiometabolic factors in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The sleep reduction can change healthy people's hemodynamic control and cardiovascular regulation through increased inflammatory response and altered endothelial function. The objective the study to analyze the association between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents in the birth cohort of São Luís (1997/98). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with adolescents participating in the birth cohort of São Luís (1997/98). Sleep duration was evaluated using accelerometer data (Actigraph wGT3X-BT). Glycemia, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides were considered cardiometabolic factors. The Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) was used to identify the minimum set of adjustment for confounding. RESULTS: Out of 1,268 adolescents, 50.3% of them were male. The prevalence of sleep duration of less than 6 h per day was 31.1%. The mean glycemia value was 91.8 mg/dL (± 15.9), DBP was 71.3 mmHg (± 7.5), SBP was 114.9 mmHg (± 12.3), HDL was 48.5 mg/dL (± 11.6), LDL was 89.0 mg/dL (± 25.7), the total cholesterol was 156.0 mg/dL (± 31.1), and triglycerides was 93.6 mg/dL (± 47.2). The crude analysis showed an association between sleep duration and SBP and LDL-c. In the adjusted analysis, the associations did not remain. CONCLUSION: Our study showed no association between sleep duration and cardiometabolic outcomes in adolescents.

Is sleep time associated with handgrip strength in adolescents from the 1997/1998 São Luís Birth Cohort?

This article aims to analyze the association between sleep time and handgrip strength in adolescents belonging to the 1997/1998 São Luís Birth Cohort. This was a cross-sectional study nested in a birth cohort study. One thousand two hundred sixty-nine individuals (18 and 19 years) wore an Actigraph® GTX3+ accelerometer on their wrist 24 hr/day for 7 consecutive days. Handgrip strength was measured using a digital hand dynamometer. We used directed acyclic graphs (DAG) to identify confounding variables. This sample of adolescents was mostly composed of men, with brown skin color, economic class C, which did not work, did not consume alcohol, did not smoke, and never used drugs. The mean value of handgrip strength was 28.2 (±9.3) kgf, and the mean of sleep time was 6 (±1.0) hours per day. The crude analysis showed an association between sleep time and muscle strength. An increase of one hour of sleep reduced the handgrip strength by 1.95 kgf (95%CI:-2.51;-1.39). However, after adjustment for confounders, the association was not maintained (ß:-0.07; 95%CI:-0.48;0.36). Sleep time is not associated with handgrip strength in adolescents in São Luís.

Is sleep time associated with handgrip strength in adolescents from the 1997/1998 São Luís Birth Cohort? / O tempo de sono está associado à força de preensão manual em adolescentes da Coorte de São Luís de 1997/1998?

Abstract This article aims to analyze the association between sleep time and handgrip strength in adolescents belonging to the 1997/1998 São Luís Birth Cohort. This was a cross-sectional study nested in a birth cohort study. One thousand two hundred sixty-nine individuals (18 and 19 years) wore an Actigraph® GTX3+ accelerometer on their wrist 24 hr/day for 7 consecutive days. Handgrip strength was measured using a digital hand dynamometer. We used directed acyclic graphs (DAG) to identify confounding variables. This sample of adolescents was mostly composed of men, with brown skin color, economic class C, which did not work, did not consume alcohol, did not smoke, and never used drugs. The mean value of handgrip strength was 28.2 (±9.3) kgf, and the mean of sleep time was 6 (±1.0) hours per day. The crude analysis showed an association between sleep time and muscle strength. An increase of one hour of sleep reduced the handgrip strength by 1.95 kgf (95%CI:-2.51;-1.39). However, after adjustment for confounders, the association was not maintained (β:-0.07; 95%CI:-0.48;0.36). Sleep time is not associated with handgrip strength in adolescents in São Luís.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a associação entre tempo de sono e força de preensão manual em adolescentes da Coorte de Nascimentos de São Luís 1997/1998. Estudo transversal aninhado a um estudo de coorte de nascimentos. Mil duzentos e sessenta e nove indivíduos (18 e 19 anos) usaram um acelerômetro Actigraph® GTX3 + em seu pulso 24 horas/dia por sete dias consecutivos. A força de preensão manual foi medida por meio de um dinamômetro digital de mão. Usou-se gráficos acíclicos direcionados (DAG) para identificar variáveis ​​de confusão. A amostra de adolescentes foi composta em sua maioria por homens, de cor da pele parda, classe econômica C, que não trabalhava, não consumiam álcool, não fumavam e nunca usaram drogas. O valor médio da força de preensão manual foi de 28,2 (±9,3) kgf, e a média do tempo de sono foi de seis (±1,0) horas por dia. A análise bruta mostrou associação entre tempo de sono e força muscular. O aumento de uma hora de sono reduziu a força de preensão manual em 1,95 kgf (IC95%:-2,51;-1,39). No entanto, após o ajuste para fatores de confusão, a associação não foi mantida (β:-0,07; IC95%:-0,48;0,36). O tempo de sono não foi associado à força de preensão manual em adolescentes de São Luís.

Dropout rates in controlled trials with exergames for blood pressure management: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol / Taxas de abandono em estudos controlados com exergames para gerenciamento da pressão arterial: protocolo de uma revisão sistemática e metanálise

Exergame, a type of enjoyable active video game that combines physical exertion and game is a technological innovation that has generated important information for the health field. In the car-diovascular area, exergames have been used to manage blood pressure in adults with some positive results. Despite this, in primary studies, it is possible to identify that participants dropout of the exergames interventions, but no synthesis of evidence has been produced so far to explore that. The aims of this review are i) to estimate the pooled rate of dropouts in controlled trials assessing the effects of exergame-based interventions on resting blood pressure in adults and older people; ii) to compare dropout rates between exergame and controls groups, and iii) to investigate the intervention characteristics associate with dropout rates. Inclusion criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs (≥ 4 weeks) assessing the effects of exergame-based interventions on resting blood pressure in adults aged ≥ 18 years old. Without restriction to language, date of the publication, and intervention setting. Literature searches will be conducted using PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Scientific Electronic Library Online. The quality of the RCTs will be assessed using Cochrane's risk of bias tool. A descriptive narrative synthesis and a random-effects model meta-analysis of the pooled event rate (prevalence) will be provided (p < 0.05). This protocol is registered with PROSPERO: CRD42020199547.

Exergame, um tipo de videogame ativo divertido que combina esforço físico e jogo virtual, é uma inovação tecnológica que tem gerado informações importantes para a área da saúde. Na área cardiovascular, os exer-games têm sido usados para gerenciar a pressão arterial em adultos, com alguns resultados positivos. Apesar disso, em estudos primários, é possível identificar que os participantes abandonaram (dropout) as interven-ções dos exergames, mas nenhuma síntese de evidências foi produzida até o momento para explorar isso. Os objetivos desta revisão são i) estimar a taxa combinada de dropouts em estudos controlados que avaliam os efeitos de intervenções baseadas em exergame na pressão arterial de repouso em adultos e idosos; ii) comparar as taxas de dropouts entre os grupos exergame e controles e iii) investigar as características de intervenção associadas às taxas de dropouts. Serão incluídos ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) ou quase-ECRs (≥ 4 semanas) avaliando efeitos de intervenções com exergames sobre a pressão arterial em repouso em adultos (≥ 18 anos). Não haverá restrição de idioma, data de publicação e ambiente de intervenção. As buscas na lite-ratura serão conduzidas usando PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials e Scientific Electronic Library Online. O risco de viés dos ECRs será avaliado por meio da ferramenta da Cochrane. Uma síntese narrativa descritiva e uma metanálise de modelo de efeitos aleatórios da taxa de eventos combinados (pre-valência) serão fornecidas (p < 0,05). Este protocolo está registrado com PROSPERO: CRD42020199547.

[Co-occurrence of risk factors to health among university students of a Brazilian tertiary education institution]. / Coocorrência de fatores de risco à saúde em universitários de uma instituição de ensino superior brasileira.

The co-occurrence of risk factors can lead to chronic noncommunicable diseases and even loss of life. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence and analyze sociodemographic characteristics linked to university life associated with the co-occurrence of risk factors among undergraduates. The study consisted of three cross-sectional surveys in 2010, 2012 and 2014 of undergraduates in Bahia, Brazil. The outcome of this study was the co-occurrence of two or more risk factors (lower levels of leisure-time physical activities, overweight/obesity, irregular consumption of fruits/vegetables and self-assessed lack of stress). The association among the variables was conducted by establishing the Prevalence Ratios. A total of 878, 879 and 877 undergraduates participated in the study in the years 2010, 2012 and 2014, respectively. In all three surveys, the prevalence of two or more risk factors was greater than 70%. The co-occurrence of two or more risk factors was associated with women, mature students, undergraduates from the health area and students with more years at university. The conclusion drawn was that the prevalence of two or more risk factors was high and that women were the group that presented higher prevalence of co-occurrence of risk factors in all surveys.

A coocorrência de fatores de risco pode desencadear doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e no extremo, a mortalidade. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever as prevalências e analisar as características sociodemográficas e de vínculo com a universidade associadas à coocorrência de fatores de risco em universitários. O estudo, composto por três inquéritos transversais, foi realizado com universitários da Bahia, Brasil, nos anos de 2010, 2012 e 2014. O desfecho foi a coocorrência de dois ou mais fatores de risco (menores níveis de atividades físicas no tempo livre, excesso de peso, consumo irregular de frutas/hortaliças e auto avaliação negativa do estresse). A associação com as variáveis foi realizada pelas Razões de Prevalências. Participaram do estudo 878, 879 e 877 universitários nos anos 2010, 2012 e 2014, respectivamente. Nos três inquéritos, a prevalência de dois ou mais fatores de risco foram superiores a 70%. Tiveram maiores prevalências de coocorrência de dois ou mais fatores de risco as mulheres, universitários com idade avançada, da área de saúde e com mais tempo de universidade. Conclui-se que a prevalência de coocorrência de dois ou mais fatores de risco foi elevada e que as mulheres representaram o grupo que se destacou com maiores prevalências desse desfecho em todos os inquéritos.

Coocorrência de fatores de risco à saúde em universitários de uma instituição de ensino superior brasileira / Co-occurrence of risk factors to health among university students of a Brazilian tertiary education institution

Resumo A coocorrência de fatores de risco pode desencadear doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e no extremo, a mortalidade. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever as prevalências e analisar as características sociodemográficas e de vínculo com a universidade associadas à coocorrência de fatores de risco em universitários. O estudo, composto por três inquéritos transversais, foi realizado com universitários da Bahia, Brasil, nos anos de 2010, 2012 e 2014. O desfecho foi a coocorrência de dois ou mais fatores de risco (menores níveis de atividades físicas no tempo livre, excesso de peso, consumo irregular de frutas/hortaliças e auto avaliação negativa do estresse). A associação com as variáveis foi realizada pelas Razões de Prevalências. Participaram do estudo 878, 879 e 877 universitários nos anos 2010, 2012 e 2014, respectivamente. Nos três inquéritos, a prevalência de dois ou mais fatores de risco foram superiores a 70%. Tiveram maiores prevalências de coocorrência de dois ou mais fatores de risco as mulheres, universitários com idade avançada, da área de saúde e com mais tempo de universidade. Conclui-se que a prevalência de coocorrência de dois ou mais fatores de risco foi elevada e que as mulheres representaram o grupo que se destacou com maiores prevalências desse desfecho em todos os inquéritos.

Abstract The co-occurrence of risk factors can lead to chronic noncommunicable diseases and even loss of life. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence and analyze sociodemographic characteristics linked to university life associated with the co-occurrence of risk factors among undergraduates. The study consisted of three cross-sectional surveys in 2010, 2012 and 2014 of undergraduates in Bahia, Brazil. The outcome of this study was the co-occurrence of two or more risk factors (lower levels of leisure-time physical activities, overweight/obesity, irregular consumption of fruits/vegetables and self-assessed lack of stress). The association among the variables was conducted by establishing the Prevalence Ratios. A total of 878, 879 and 877 undergraduates participated in the study in the years 2010, 2012 and 2014, respectively. In all three surveys, the prevalence of two or more risk factors was greater than 70%. The co-occurrence of two or more risk factors was associated with women, mature students, undergraduates from the health area and students with more years at university. The conclusion drawn was that the prevalence of two or more risk factors was high and that women were the group that presented higher prevalence of co-occurrence of risk factors in all surveys.

Mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes, adultos e idosos, nas regiões do Brasil, entre 1996 e 2016 / Suicide mortality in adolescents, adults and older adults, in the regions of Brazil, between 1996 and 2016

Objetivo: Verificar a tendência da taxa de mortalidade por suicídio em adolescentes, adultos e idosos, nas Regiões do Brasil, entre 1996 e 2016. Métodos: Estudo de séries temporais, incluindo óbitos por suicídio de adolescentes, adultos e idosos. Foram utilizados dados secundários, disponibilizados pelo Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade e pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. A análise de regressão linear segmentada foi adotada para calcular a variação anual percentual e alterações significativas na tendência. Resultados: Entre 1996 e 2016 ocorreram 195.440 óbitos por suicídio no Brasil. Houve aumento significativo na taxa de mortalidade por suicídio na região Nordeste em adolescentes e adultos do sexo feminino. As taxas aumentaram no Nordeste e reduziram significativamente no Sudeste e Sul para as idosas. O sexo masculino apresentou aumento da taxa de mortalidade por suicídio nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e CentroOeste para os adolescentes; aumento nas regiões Norte e Nordeste e, redução significativa da taxa na região Sul para os adultos. Para os idosos, houve aumento na região Norte e redução significativa da taxa na região Sul. Conclusão: Observou-se diferentes taxas de mortalidade por suicídio entre regiões, sexos e grupos etários.

Association between chronic diseases, multimorbidity and insufficient physical activity among older adults in southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Being active has been shown to have beneficial effects for the health of individuals with chronic diseases. However, data on the association between multimorbidity and physical activity are limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between chronic diseases, multimorbidity and insufficient physical activity among older adults in southern Brazil, according to sex. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional population-based and household-based study derived from the second wave (2013-2014) of the EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study. METHODS: Insufficiency of physical activity (outcome) was ascertained using the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (≤ 150 minutes/week). Eleven self-reported chronic diseases were identified. Multimorbidity was defined from the number of chronic diseases (none; 2 or 3; or 4 or more). The adjustment variables were age, schooling, marital status, income, smoking, alcohol consumption and cognition. Additionally, each chronic disease was adjusted for the others. Associations were tested using logistic regression (crude and adjusted). RESULTS: Among the 1197 participants (≥ 63 years), women (54.0%) were more likely than men (39.6%) to be insufficiently active. In the adjusted analysis, women and men with depressive symptoms, and men with diabetes, were more likely to be insufficiently active than those without symptoms. Multimorbid women were more likely to be insufficiently active, and the magnitude of the effect was strongest for 4 or more diseases. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the associations were sex-specific. Depressive symptoms and multimorbidity were associated with insufficient physical activity among women, while diabetes was associated with insufficient physical activity among men.

Association between chronic diseases, multimorbidity and insufficient physical activity among older adults in southern Brazil: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Being active has been shown to have beneficial effects for the health of individuals with chronic diseases. However, data on the association between multimorbidity and physical activity are limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between chronic diseases, multimorbidity and insufficient physical activity among older adults in southern Brazil, according to sex. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional population-based and household-based study derived from the second wave (2013-2014) of the EpiFloripa Aging Cohort Study. METHODS: Insufficiency of physical activity (outcome) was ascertained using the long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (≤ 150 minutes/week). Eleven self-reported chronic diseases were identified. Multimorbidity was defined from the number of chronic diseases (none; 2 or 3; or 4 or more). The adjustment variables were age, schooling, marital status, income, smoking, alcohol consumption and cognition. Additionally, each chronic disease was adjusted for the others. Associations were tested using logistic regression (crude and adjusted). RESULTS: Among the 1197 participants (≥ 63 years), women (54.0%) were more likely than men (39.6%) to be insufficiently active. In the adjusted analysis, women and men with depressive symptoms, and men with diabetes, were more likely to be insufficiently active than those without symptoms. Multimorbid women were more likely to be insufficiently active, and the magnitude of the effect was strongest for 4 or more diseases. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the associations were sex-specific. Depressive symptoms and multimorbidity were associated with insufficient physical activity among women, while diabetes was associated with insufficient physical activity among men.

Prevalence of older drivers in Brazil: results from Vigitel 2018 / Prevalência de motoristas idosos no Brasil: resultados do Vigitel 2018

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of Brazilian older adults who drive a car/ride a motorcycle, according to sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: This cross-sectional study uses data from the 2018 Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel). The prevalence of drivers was determined by an affirmative answer to the following question: "Do you drive a car, motorcycle and/or other vehicle?". RESULTS: Among the 15 333 individuals aged 65 and over living in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, the overall prevalence of drivers was 28.73% (95%CI 27.22 -30.29) and was higher among men (53.37%; 95%CI 50.45 - 56.28), those with higher education (65.44%; 95%CI 61.98 - 68.75), and individuals aged 65 to 69 years (35.7%; 95%CI 33.06 - 38.61). Among the regions of Brazil, prevalence varied from 35% (Midwest and South) to approximately 22% (North and Northeast). Florianopolis (42.2%; 95%CI 38.05 - 46.47) and Palmas (40.32%; 95%CI 32.74 - 48.38) were the cities with the highest prevalence of older drivers. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics such as sex, age group, region, and state capital of residence affect the prevalence of older drivers. Our results contribute to knowledge about how older adults choose to move around in large Brazilian cities, enabling proposal of strategies to improve the quality of this population's displacement.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de idosos brasileiros que dirigem carro/motocicleta, de acordo com características sociodemográficas. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com dados do Sistema de Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas (Vigitel 2018). A prevalência de motoristas foi determinada pela resposta positiva à questão: "O(A) sr.(a) dirige carro, moto e/ou outro veículo?". RESULTADOS: Entre os 15 333 indivíduos de 65 anos ou mais, residentes nas capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal, a prevalência de motoristas foi de 28,76% (IC95% 27,22 - 30,29), sendo maior entre os homens (53,37%; IC95% 50,45 - 56,28), naqueles com maior escolaridade (65,44%; IC95% 61,98 - 68,75) e nos indivíduos de 65 a 69 anos (35,79%; IC95% 33,06 - 38,61). Entre as regiões do Brasil, a prevalência variou de 35% (centro-oeste e sul) a, aproximadamente, 22% (norte e nordeste). As capitais com maior percentual de idosos motoristas foram Florianópolis (42,20%; IC95% 38,05 - 46,47) e Palmas (40,32%; IC95% 32,74 - 48,38). CONCLUSÕES: Características como sexo, faixa etária, região e capitais do Brasil afetam a prevalência de motoristas. Espera-se que os resultados apresentados aqui possam contribuir para o conhecimento de como os idosos escolhem se locomover nas grandes cidades brasileiras, permitindo propor estratégias para melhorar a qualidade de deslocamento dessa população.

Sarcopenia, bone mineral density, and vitamin D: EpiFloripa aging study 2013/2014 / Sarcopenia, densidade mineral óssea e vitamina D: Estudo EpiFloripa Idoso 2013/2014

OBJECTIVE: To verify associations between osteopenia/osteoporosis and vitamin D and sarcopenia in the older adult population of Florianópolis, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study, with 604 older adults (60 years and over). The appendicular muscle mass index (AMMI) was used to identify sarcopenia, with cutoffs of AMMI (Kg/m2) < 7.26 kg/m2 for men and < 5.50 kg/m2 for women indicating inadequate values (sarcopenia). The independent variable osteopenia/osteoporosis was measured using bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2): T-Scores for whole body BMD, lumbar spine BMD, and femoral neck BMD, categorized as normal (BMD > -1 SD) or osteopenia/osteoporosis (BMD < -1 SD from the mean of the young adult reference population). Fasting serum samples were collected and assayed using the microparticle chemiluminescence (CMIA)/Liaison method. Vitamin D concentrations of < 30 ng/mL were defined as hypovitaminosis. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Osteopenia/osteoporosis in the lumbar spine and femoral neck were associated with higher odds of sarcopenia in women and men. Osteopenia/osteoporosis in the whole body was associated with sarcopenia in women only. Vitamin D was not associated with sarcopenia in either sex. CONCLUSIONS: Having osteopenia/osteoporosis was associated with sarcopenia in this older adult population.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação entre osteopenia/osteoporose e vitamina D com a sarcopenia na população idosa de Florianópolis. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal de base populacional, com 604 idosos (60 anos ou mais). O índice de massa muscular apendicular (IMMA) foi utilizado para identificar a sarcopenia, onde o IMMA (Kg/m2) ­ < 7,26 kg/m2 para homens e < 5,50 kg/m2 para mulheres ­ indicava valores inadequados (sarcopenia). A variável independente osteopenia/ osteoporose foi medida pela densidade mineral óssea (DMO, g/cm2), foram calculados os T-escores para DMO corporal total, DMO da coluna lombar e DMO do colo femoral, categorizados como normais (DMO até -1 DP) ou osteopenia/osteoporose (DMO < -1 DP da média da população adulta jovem de referência). Amostras de soro em jejum foram coletadas pelo método de quimioluminescência de micropartículas (CMIA)/Liaison. Concentrações de vitamina D < 30 ng/mL foram definidas como hipovitaminose. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística bruta e ajustada. RESULTADOS: Osteopenia/osteoporose na coluna lombar e colo do fêmur foram associadas a maiores chances de sarcopenia em mulheres e homens. Osteopenia/ osteoporose no corpo total foi associada à sarcopenia apenas em mulheres. A vitamina D não foi associada à sarcopenia em ambos os sexos. CONCLUSÕES: A presença de osteopenia/osteoporose associou-se à sarcopenia nesta população de idosos.

Effects of exergames and resistance training on well-being in older adults: a randomized clinical tria / Efeitos dos exergames e treinamento contra resistência no bem-estar de adultos mais velhos: um ensaio clínico randomizado

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of an exergame-based training compared to resistance training on the quality of life and symptoms of depression in older adults. METHODS: This was a two-arm, non-blinded, randomized clinical trial. Thirty-five participants (62.09 ± 7.11 years) were randomized either on the Exergame-based Training Group (n = 17) or the Resistance Training Group (n = 18). Sessions lasted 50 to 60 minutes, three times per week, for 13 weeks. For the Exergame-based Training Group, we used games that simulate sports and adventure activities through Xbox360 Kinect™. The Resistance Training Group performed ten exercises per session for upper and lower limbs using free weights and machines, following linear periodization and individualized loads. Quality of life and symptoms of depression were assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment - an abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF) and the Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively. We performed a two-way analysis of variance (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Only time effects were identified for overall quality of life, general health, and symptoms of depression. After the intervention, overall quality of life score increased (3.82 ± 0.95 versus 4.18 ± 0.53, p = 0.05), whereas symptoms of depression decreased (3.35 ± 1.73 versus 2.59 ± 1.54, p = 0.02) in the Exergame-based Training Group, and the general health improved in the Resistance Training Group (3.78 ± 0.81 versus 4.11 ± 0.68, p = 0.05) compared with the baseline scores. CONCLUSION: Both training groups improved different aspects of quality of life. The Exergaming-based Training Group improved the overall perception, whereas the Resistance Training Group improved the general health-related perception. Participants in the Exergame-based Training Group also decreased the number of symptoms of depression.

OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos de um treinamento baseado em exergames comparado ao treinamento contra resistência na qualidade de vida e nos sintomas depressivos em adultos mais velhos. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de um estudo clínico randomizado, com dois braços e não cego. Trinta e cinco participantes (62,09 ± 7,11 anos) foram randomizados para o Grupo de Treinamento com Exergames (n = 17) ou Treinamento de Resistência (n = 18). As sessões tiveram duração de 50 a 60 minutos, três vezes por semana, durante 13 semanas. Para o Grupo de Treinamento com Exergames, foram utilizados jogos que simulavam atividades esportivas e de aventura por meio do Xbox360 Kinect™. O Grupo de Treinamento contra Resistência realizou dez exercícios por sessão, para membros superiores e inferiores, utilizando pesos livres e máquinas, seguindo periodização linear e ajuste de carga individualizado. A qualidade de vida e os sintomas depressivos foram avaliados usando o instrumento de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde ­ versão abreviada (WHOQOL-BREF) e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, respectivamente. Foram realizadas análises de variância two-way (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTADOS: Apenas efeitos no tempo foram identificados para qualidade de vida geral, saúde geral e sintomas depressivos. Após a intervenção, o escore de qualidade de vida geral aumentou (3,82 ± 0,95 versus 4,18 ± 0,53, p = 0,05) e os sintomas depressivos diminuíram (3,35 ± 1,73 versus 2,59 ± 1,54, p = 0,02) no Grupo de Treinamento com Exergames, e a saúde geral melhorou no Grupo de Treinamento contra Resistência (3,78 ± 0,81 versus 4,11 ± 0,68, p = 0,05) quando comparados com os escores da linha de base. CONCLUSÃO: Ambos os grupos de treinamento melhoraram diferentes aspectos da qualidade de vida. O Grupo de Treinamento com Exergames melhorou a percepção geral, enquanto o Grupo de Treinamento contra Resistência apresentou melhorias na percepção geral relacionada à saúde. Os participantes do Grupo de Treinamento com Exergames também diminuíram o número de sintomas depressivos.

Risk factors associated with mortality in young and long-lived older adults in Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.

This article aims to investigate risk factors associated with mortality in young (< 80 years) and long-lived (≥ 80 years) older adults in Florianópolis. A longitudinal population-based study of 1702 older adults participants of the EpiFloripa Ageing Study. Deaths were identified through searches in the Mortality Information System. The probability of survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank methods. The effect of risk factors for mortality was evaluated using Cox Regression models, adjusted for gender, family income, leisure physical activity, depressive symptoms, functional disability, falls, smoking, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and diabetes mellitus. The overall survival probability was 89.9% and 52.6% for the young and long-lived older adults, respectively. For younger older adults, the risk of death was higher for males, ex-smokers and those with moderate/severe disability. For the long-lived older adults, only those with depressive symptoms had a higher risk of death. These results reveal different risk profiles of death among younger and older adults and the need for a differentiated look in the health care of this population.

Cluster and simultaneity of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in adolescents of Southeast Brazil

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the cluster of the five major modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their associated factors and to identify patterns of concurrency of modifiable obesogenic risk factors associated with overweight in Brazilian adolescents. Methods: A survey was conducted (2015) with 1,055 (boys, n = 475; girls, n = 580) high school (public and private schools) adolescents (14-20 years old) in a medium-sized city in Southeast Brazil. The observed prevalence ratio (O) for the expected (E) risk factors (smoking, alcohol, insufficient physical activity, sedentary behavior, and poor diet) greater than one (O/E > 1) was considered as a cluster. We use multinomial and binary logistic regressions (stratified by sex) in the analyzes. Results: Almost 30% of adolescents had three or more risk factors (no factor = 5.4%). The five risk factors tended to cluster in boys (O/E = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.6-3.5). In both sexes, smoking and alcohol consumption persisted in O/E > 1 ratio. Conclusions: Boys showed a consistent pattern of association for risk factors. Overweight was associated with pairs of obesogenic risk factors in both sexes. The results indicate the need for health interventions that consider the cluster and the simultaneity of risk factors for CVD among Brazilian youth.

Premature mortality caused by the main chronic noncommunicable diseases in the Brazilian states / Mortalidad prematura por las principales enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en los estados de Brasil / Mortalidade prematura pelas principais doenças crônicas não transmissíveis nos estados do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the variation of the premature mortality rate caused the group of the main chronic noncommunicable diseases. Method: This is a time-series ecological study, which used secondary data of the Mortality Information System, from 2006 to 2014, from the 26 federal units and from the Federal District. Deaths caused by circulatory system diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases were included. The trend of adjusted mortality rate was analyzed by segmented linear regression. Results: Premature mortality tended to be reduced in most states, except for Maranhão and Rio Grande do Norte, which presented a stable premature mortality rate. Bahia, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Roraima and all the states from the South, Southeast and Central-West Regions reached the goal of reducing 2% per year in premature mortality caused by main diseases. Conclusion: Most of the states showed a reduced mortality rate and are reaching the proposed target.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la variación de la tasa de mortalidad prematura por el conjunto de las principales enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Método: Estudio ecológico de series temporales, en que se utilizaron datos secundarios del Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad, de 2006 a 2014, de las 26 Unidades Federativas y del Distrito Federal. Se incluyeron muertes con causa básica las enfermedades del aparato circulatorio, cáncer, diabetes y enfermedades respiratorias crónicas. La tendencia de la tasa ajustada de mortalidad se analizó por la regresión lineal segmentada. Resultados: Hubo tendencia de reducción de la mortalidad prematura en la mayoría de los estados, excepto Maranhão y Rio Grande do Norte que presentaron estabilidad de la tasa de mortalidad prematura. Los estados de Bahía, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Roraima y todos de la Región Sur, Sudeste y Centro-Oeste alcanzaron la meta de reducción del 2% al año en la mortalidad prematura por las principales enfermedades. Conclusión: La mayoría de los estados presentan reducción de la tasa de mortalidad y están alcanzando la meta propuesta.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a variação da taxa de mortalidade prematura pelo conjunto das principais doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Método: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais, que utilizou dados secundários do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, de 2006 a 2014, das 26 unidades federativas e do Distrito Federal. Foram incluídos óbitos que tiveram como causa básica doenças do aparelho circulatório, câncer, diabetes e doenças respiratórias crônicas. A tendência da taxa ajustada de mortalidade foi analisada pela regressão linear segmentada. Resultados: Houve tendência de redução da mortalidade prematura na maioria dos estados, exceto Maranhão e Rio Grande do Norte, que apresentaram estabilidade da taxa de mortalidade prematura. Os estados da Bahia, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Roraima e todos das regiões Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste atingiram a meta de redução de 2% ao ano na mortalidade prematura pelas principais doenças. Conclusão: A maioria dos estados apresentaram redução da taxa de mortalidade e estão atingindo a meta proposta.

Premature mortality caused by the main chronic noncommunicable diseases in the Brazilian states.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the variation of the premature mortality rate caused the group of the main chronic noncommunicable diseases. METHOD: This is a time-series ecological study, which used secondary data of the Mortality Information System, from 2006 to 2014, from the 26 federal units and from the Federal District. Deaths caused by circulatory system diseases, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases were included. The trend of adjusted mortality rate was analyzed by segmented linear regression. RESULTS: Premature mortality tended to be reduced in most states, except for Maranhão and Rio Grande do Norte, which presented a stable premature mortality rate. Bahia, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Roraima and all the states from the South, Southeast and Central-West Regions reached the goal of reducing 2% per year in premature mortality caused by main diseases. CONCLUSION: Most of the states showed a reduced mortality rate and are reaching the proposed target.